Fdr Was A Great Man Of His Time - 3532 Words

After considering all 44 presidents, Mr. Roosevelt rose to the top as our top pick. Not only did he overcome a deadly disease, he was President of the United States at the same time. It wasn’t only his will to live that was appealing, but his ability to bring our country out of the depths of depression. His innovative ideas and programs were so revolutionary that he was elected President for four consecutive terms. FDR was a great man of his time, and one of the greatest leaders the United States has ever seen. On January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born to James and Sara Roosevelt. The Roosevelt’s were a prominent family for many generations, staking their claim in the economy through real estate and trade. As an only child he got plenty of attention from a mother who adored him, almost to the point of being overbearing. Even though his mom could be strict, Roosevelt was a spirited child who still found ways to get in trouble the minu te her head was turned. His father wasn’t as attentive, being that this was the late 1800’s, it was the woman’s job to raise the children. It has been connected by a biographer James MacGregor Burns that Roosevelt’s father was more involved with his son than what was typical at that time (MacGegor, pg 29) Due to the amount of Presidents that were included in the Roosevelt line, you would think that FDR had a chance of becoming one just because of his family’s legacy; but not according to Grover Cleveland.Show MoreRelatedA New Deal A New America891 Words   |  4 PagesRoosevelt, commonly referred to as FDR, is without a doubt one of these leaders. FDR made new laws, put forth many ideas, and raised the public’s morale before, during, and after WWII. He affected America in such a way that he brought us out of the slum of Great Depression. Even though Franklin D. Roosevelt put America in debt, his new deal policy gave millions of Americans jo bs, stimulated the economy, raised public moral, and introduced new big government tactics. He was truly the people’s presidentRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt And The President Of The United States1210 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 99 12/10/14 Day of Infamy Who is a strong man who overcame illness and disability to lead a nation through war? Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) writer of the speech â€Å"Pearl Harbor Address† and the President of the United States of America declared war on Japan in December 8, 1941 after â€Å"December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy† (Roosevelt). A speech analysis on Franklin D. Roosevelt reveals that through his dialogue and actions, his trait - confident, strong, and intelligent emergeRead More FDR: New Deal Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesFranklin Delanor Roosevelt (FDR) is responsible for creating and establishing the New Deal which saved the United States after the Great Depression. The New Deal was important because the United States was in a major financial hole and had to get itself out. After the stock market crashed in 1929 there were millions of people who were struggling just to get something to eat and have a roof to sleep under. The program that FDR created ma de it possible for the U.S. to get up and dust itself off. ItRead MoreSimilarities Between Cinderella Man And The Great Depression703 Words   |  3 Pages1920’s was drastically different from life in the Great Depression. In the 20’s life was amazing. Wealth was being spread and the parties never stopped. It was all over when the stock market crashed in 1929. Banks closed and everyone lost their money. The movie Cinderella Man showed how life changed for boxer James Braddock. He was a famous boxer during the twenties. The movie showed the struggles he went through when the Depression hit. He lost his job and barely made it by. Cinderella Man showsRead MoreFranklin Delano s Inaugural Address1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdelivered his inaugural address to the country. A country suffering from depression, joblessness and from the fear of inevitable demise, Franklin D. Roosevelt comes to the stand and speaks words that would ring on in American history for decades to come. He first reassures the American people that he will be spear heading the problems that have besieged the nation and then exclaims the timeless phrase â€Å" There is nothing to fear but fear itself.† These words couldn’t come at a more pressing time in AmericanRead MoreThe Great Depression Trademarks America1544 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Depression trademarks America at its all-time historical down point. In FDR’s Folly, Powell spotlights the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, astronomical levels of unemployment, as well as the New Deal program developed to combat the Great Depression. Powell, who was born and educated in London, earned a master’s degree in history and he clearly demonstrates his views to the reader. In his words, FDR’s presidency did not aid the economic state but drove it further back as well asRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt. During The Great Depression In The1745 Words   |  7 Pages Franklin D. Roosevelt During The Great Depression in the United States, 13 million people and the country were in an economic crisis. The nation blamed the Republican party for the economic crisis and for their inability to fix it by the 1932 election.Thus, the election resulted in a win for Democratic Party and the former governor of New York, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. On March 4 1933, Roosevelt was inaugurated president by a nation in need of hope. FDR took action immediately to deal withRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Franklin Delano Roosevelt1025 Words   |  5 Pages Sara labored for over a day and nearly died during his birth. To save her, she was given chloroform, with great risk to her baby. When FDR was born, he was not breathing and was blue and thought to be dead. However, after the doctor performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, he began to breathe and recovered from the trauma. As a child, he went to Groton Preparatory School in Massachusetts followed by Harvard University, where he received his Bachelor’s degree in only three years! He then went onRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt And President Wilson1621 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30th, 1882, in New York. FDR was the only child of a wealthy family who made their fortune in the real estate business. In 1900 Roosevelt attended Harvard University. During his time at Harvard, FDR joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, became the news editor for the Harvard and became engaged to his future wife Eleanor Roosevelt. He did all of this while also graduating in just three years. After attending Harvard, Roosevelt went to school at ColumbiaRead MoreSuccess Is The Highest Level Of Success973 Words   |  4 Pagesfather’s goal was to become an American citizen. After living here for over four years, he was eligible to apply which he did. In order to achieve his goal of passing the citizenship test, my father studied during every available free time. He couldn’t fully read or write in English, so he worked on that in addition to studying American history. During this past summer, it was time for the interview and he passed to become an American citizen. Of course, that is considered a success because his goal of

Principles and Practices of Management - 1560 Words

Principles and Practices of Management Subject Code – B-101 Section A: Objective Type Q1. A plan is a trap laid to capture the ___________ a) Future Q2. It is the function of employing suitable person for the enterprise: b) Staffing Q3. ______________ means â€Å"group of activities employee into departments†: (d) Departmentation Q4. This theory states that authority is the power that is accepted by others. a) Acceptance theory Q5. It means dispersal of decision making power to the lower levels of the organization. (c) Dispersion Q6. This chart is the basic documentation of the organizational structure. (c) Master Chart Q7. Communication which flow from the superiors to subordinates with the help†¦show more content†¦This person has one or more person reporting to him as his subordinates. The people reporting to the top boss form the second level of people in the organization structure. Each of the persons at the second level may have one or more persons reporting to him or her. Thus people at second level report to their manager and supervisor and, in turn, other employees report to them. Employee at third level of organization may have other employees reporting to them. In this way an organization may have several levels, at the lowest level are employee who report to their boss, but no one reports to them. In this kind of organization a person is related to other persons in the organization only in the direct reporting relationship of subordinate and supervisor. In a line organization a person receives orders and instructions only from his boss. Similarly a person is authorised to instruct and direct only the persons reporting directly to him or her. Compliance of decisions and directives of a person is dependent on the formal authority enjoyed by the person as a supervisor. A person can exercise no authority over an employee not reporting directly to him or her. Q4. Write a shot note on â€Å"acceptance theory† Ans. Acceptance Theory was propounded by Chester Bernard. This theory states that authority is the power that is accepted by others. Formal authority is reduced to normal authority if it is not accepted by the subordinates. TheShow MoreRelatedPrinciples and Practices of Management6031 Words   |  25 PagesPRINCIPLES AND PRACICE OF MANAGEMENT( Unit-1) MANAGEMENT Management makes remarkable differences between the companies regarding their performance in term of productivity , products, sales, profitability, service to the customer, employee welfare etc. Management plays a vital role in deciding the destiny of business as well as non-business organisations. Concept Of Management- Read MorePrinciples Practices of Management1333 Words   |  6 PagesExamination Paper Semester I: Principles and Practice of Management IIBM Institute of Business Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Semester-1 Examination Paper MM.100 Principles and Practice of Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks)  · This section consists of Multiple Choices Short Notes type Questions.  · Answer all the Questions.  · Part one carries 1 mark each Part two carries 5 marks each. Part one: Multiple Choices: 1. A plan is a trap laid to capture the ________Read MorePrinciples and Practices of Management1349 Words   |  6 PagesExamination Paper of Principles and Practices of Management 1 IIBM of Business Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper MM.100 Principles and Practices of Management Subject Code-B101 Section A: Objective Type Short Questions (30 marks) ï‚ · This section consists of multiples choice and short notes type questions ï€   ï€   ï‚ · Part one carries 1 mark each part two carries 5 marks each. ï€   ï‚ · Attempt all questions ï€   Part One Multiple Choices: 1. A plan is a trap laid toRead MorePrinciple Practice of Management1608 Words   |  7 PagesPRINCIPLE amp; PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT International Case : Carrefour — Which Way to Go? How should Mr. Durant assess the opportunities in various countries around the world? Mr.  Durant,  the  new  CEO  since  2005,  embarked  on the new strategy by offering 15percent new products in its hypermarkets and 10 percent in its supermarkets. Moreover, he wants to employ more staff, extend the operating hours in certain hypermarkets, cutting prices, trying small stores, and pushing down decision making. MrRead MorePrinciple Practice of Management1622 Words   |  7 PagesPRINCIPLE amp; PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT International Case : Carrefour — Which Way to Go? How should Mr. Durant assess the opportunities in various countries around the world? Mr.  Durant,  the  new  CEO  since  2005,  embarked  on the new strategy by offering 15percent new products in its hypermarkets and 10 percent in its supermarkets. Moreover, he wants to employ more staff, extend the operating hours in certain hypermarkets, cutting prices, trying small stores, and pushing down decision making. Mr. DurantRead MorePrinciples Practice of Management2003 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Examination Paper Principles and Practice of Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) Part one: Multiple Choices: 1. A plan is a trap laid to capture the ________. Ans.: A) Future 2. It is the function of employing suitable person for the enterprise Ans.: B) Staffing 3. ___________ means â€Å" group of activities employees into departments† Ans.: D) Departmentation 4. This theory states that authority is the power that is accepted by others Ans.: A) Acceptance theory Read MorePrinciples and Practices of Management1800 Words   |  8 PagesPrinciples and Practices of Management Assignment A Marks 15 Answer all questions. 1. What were the Hawthorne studies? What effect did they have on the Management practices? 2. What steps can an organisation take to increase the motivational force for high levels of performance? 3. Explain briefly various Management Functions. What is the basis for saying that planning is the most crucial management function? Discuss. 4. Explain the MBO Process. 5. Elucidate the relationship betweenRead MoreManagement Principles and Practice7126 Words   |  29 PagesTable of Contents * The meaning of Management * Management Functions and Process * Management Approaches * Motivation Theory * The Meaning of Management Management may be defined in many different ways: â€Å"Management is the development of people and not the direction of things† - Lawrence A Appley â€Å"Management is defined as the process by which a co- operative group directs action towards common goals† - Joseph Massie â€Å"Management is a distinct process consisting of planningRead MorePrinciples and Practice of Management2867 Words   |  12 Pagesworkplace. They are expected to bend their will to rules and regulations. Witnessing the difference between the two cultures the young workers, naturally, began to oppose the regulatory mechanism devised by top management. The pent-up feelings of frustration and resentment against management, like a gathering storm, have resulted in volcanic eruptions leading to violent arguments between young workers and foremen on the shop-floor. In the process production has suffered, both quantitatively and qualitativelyRead MorePRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT2416 Words   |  10 Pagessafety Needs 3. Social Needs 4. Esteem or ego needs 5. Self – actualization needs. 2. Define Management By Objectives. According to John Humble - Management By Objectives or â€Å"MBO is a dynamic system which integrates the company’s need to achieve its goals for profit and growth, with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself.† In other words, MBO is a dynamic system of management; it recognizes the need of the manager to achieve and to grow on the job and it integrates the individual

Technological Environment free essay sample

When a relatively primitive technology is used in the production process, the technology is usually referred to as labor-intensive. A highly advanced technology, on the other hand, is generally termed capital-intensive. Business Perspective: The way that businesses function both in and out of the office has changed drastically. Thanks to advances in computer, information and communication technology. Companies now use a variety of mobile devices, software and various applications that employees can use for marketing and networking, as well as research and development, for their goods and services. Internet- the Internet, perhaps more than any other factor, has changed the way that companies do business. Most companies have websites, which allow them to reach a larger audience and attract customers and employees from all over the world. In addition, businesses are now utilizing social-networking websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter, enabling them to communicate directly with customers with news and updates. We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These websites are interactive, which means that companies can also receive immediate feedback on new products from customers, speeding the process of research and development.Email, video conferencing and online chat rooms have also made it easier for businesses to become more globalized, communicating quickly and easily with clients and co-workers regardless of their location. * Mobile Devices- The Internet resources listed above are not just available on an office computer. Many companies provide their employees with other mobile devices such as laptops, tablet computers, PDAs and smart phones. These devices are portable and enable workers to stay constantly connected and updated with their work. They also make it more possible for employees to have a mobile office, working from any location and allowing them to travel or live in an area other than where the business is actually located. Most mobile devices also have an enormous number of applications available such as productivity tools, locators that utilize GPS functions and other organizational applications that help employees download, type, share and even print documents remotely from their device. * Software- Depending on the type of business, the software used by companies will vary. However, many companies can benefit from several types of software and applications.

Lady Macbeth Essay Research Paper Discuss whether free essay sample

Lady Macbeth Essay, Research Paper Discuss whether or non you feel sympathy for Lady Macbeth There are certain facets of Lady Macbeth s character that suggests she is good and hence her ruin additions my understanding for her by the terminal of act 5. But I would besides reason that she entailed evil to fuel her kiping aspiration that would do her Nemesis, her mental prostration, to the full justified. Lady Macbeth s function as a back uping married woman at the start of the drama exceeds the responsibilities of a normal married woman. She is the Eve to Macbeth s Adam and is tempted. Although Macbeth intimations at the thought of taking the Crown in his missive place, it is Lady Macbeth s ruthless finding to do him king that persuaded him to slay Duncan. Did she make this in the involvements of Macbeth or was it to carry through her ain aspiration? I would reason that it was to carry through her ain aspiration because she decided directly off that slaying was the best option to take without any respect to guilt, in this position I have no understanding for Lady Macbeth because it is a mark of her interior evilness. We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Macbeth Essay Research Paper Discuss whether or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To perpetrate the slaying of King Duncan Lady Macbeth calls upon the liquors that tend on mortal ideas. She evokes evil to perpetrate the title and loses her individuality ; I would so reason that if she has lost her individuality so she has lost her psyche and that, in my sentiment, makes her a monster. This is illustrated by her willingness to dart the encephalons out of her babe, if she had one. The loss of her feminine qualities exemplifies her cognition of the effects of killing Duncan, this is demonstrated when she asks the acute knife see non the lesion it makes. This reveals her hope that she will non experience any guilt after the slaying and she naively believes that a small H2O clears us of this title ; these illustrations show that Lady Macbeth knew the workss she was traveling to perpetrate were evil and hence sustains my unsympathetic feelings for her. Although I have expressed unsympathetic positions about Lady Macbeth, I do experience that a certain sum of understanding arises from Act 5 Scene 1, which tends to conceal her old evil workss. Lady Macbeth has non been seen by the audience for some clip, this is because Macbeth has shut her out of his life and she has become stray and lonely. Lady Macbeth s mental prostration is caused by her recognition of her portion of guilt and is expressed by images of Duncan s blood, will these custodies ne er be clean? This is besides a contrast to her belief that H2O cleanses the scruples of any guilt. Lady Macbeth s mental prostration reinforces the thought of Scotland being diseased under Macbeth s reign and because he was non put their by Godhead right he can non bring around her. Lady Macbeth s function as a back uping married woman resurfaces once more in scene 5. She is now afraid of the dark, which is in contrasts to her earlier wants for darkness to hide the slaying. Lady Macbeth is haunted by dreams, like Macbeth ( O full of Scorpios is in my head ) , and sleep walks ; this echoes my last sentence in that she is now taking on the injury and guilt from her hubby. This reveals Lady Macbeth s compassion and love for her hubby and this, in my sentiment, makes her a good married woman. I would reason that her feelings of guilt shows that halting up the transition to remorse has non worked and the goodness inside Lady Macbeth has prevailed, that is why she has a guilty scruples. Despite her self-destruction she has shown that good ever overcomes evil, and possibly Lady Macbeth is a metaphor for the whole drama in general that good ever prevails in one signifier or another. That striking metaphor compels me to sympathize with Lady Macbeth s ruin because, like Macbeth, she could hold been a good, honest swayer. From the grounds I have given about the two sides of Lady Macbeth that influences my determination, I am rooted in a sympathetic paradox between Lady Macbeth s mental ruin, which increases my understanding for her, and her evil aspiration, which makes me experience unsympathetic towards her. My feelings for and against Lady Macbeth organize an equilibrium of understanding for Lady Macbeth

Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Method Design in Research of Equity

Organisational factors Essay Example

Organisational factors Essay Example Organisational factors Essay Organisational factors Essay Purpose: To study and find out the organisational factors which play a significant role in the successful implementation of ERP and finally find out the relation between the factors which helps us in narrow down the factors so that we can get the most influenced factor to concentrate upon. It’s quite difficult for the company to take care of all the factors, so our next aim to find the major factor(s) which have more criticality over the others. Methods: During research project we collected the data from Primary and Secondary source.We prepared around 16 questions and get them answered from the employees and managers of the company who are currently using ERP. Apart from it we interviewed some top management level people for the detailed knowledge and its importance. Findings: After getting the results we found that we can group these factors into three groups according to the impact over the other. Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are adopted by many or ganisations to meet various challenges of information flow and competition. ERP systems help to make the key business processes to be automated and integrated in an organization.ERP systems help in timely flow of the information which can help in making efficient strategic decisions. Following pattern is followed, the related literature is reviewed. Then, hypothesis and objective is presented followed by research methodology used for study. Next, observation, findings and analysis are discussed. Finally, conclusion and suggestions are given. Literature Review 2. 1 ERP implementation success Several factors may affect ERP implementation in organizations. These factors include, lack of top management support (Supramaniam and Kuppusamy, 2011; Shah et al. , 2011; Finney and Corbett, 2007; Bhatti, 2005; Wong et al. 2005), business requirement gap (Shah et al. , 2011; Wong et al. , 2005), user involvement (Francoise et al. , 2009; Rasmy et al. , 2005) and vendor support (Al-Mashari et al. , 2006; Thavapragasam, 2003), communication and co-ordination which may cause ERP implementation failure. ERP systems always require changes in work flows which need organizational alignment which requires top management support. Top management commitment and support is noted as a critical factor which has a positive effect (i. e. positively related) on the success of ERP implementation success (Rasmy et al. 2005; Supramaniam and Kuppusamy, 2011, Shanks and Light, 1999; Shah et al. , 2011). Finney and Corbett (2007) also stated that top management support has the 1st most critical success factors regarding ERP success in his research. 2. 2 Organisational factors influencing successful ERP implementation Determining factors that are positioned behind a successful ERP system implementation has been a key research question in previous research. Implementation of an ERP system is a complex process including a great many factors and conditions which can potentially influence successful mplementation. These factors might have a positive effect on the ERP implementation project outcome, whereas the lack of these conditions could create trouble through ERP implementation. Many researchers have recognized that there are many factors that could be critical to the successful implementation of ERP. For example, [36] Somers and Nelson (2004) recognized that there are 22 critical success factors including Top management support, Education on new business processes, User training on software, On the hand, [1] Al-Mashari et al. 2003) found out that thre are 12 critical ERP factors such as ERP selection, project management, training and education, business process management, cultural and structural change management while [39] Umble et al. (2003) divided the factors into 10 categories including Commitment by top management, Clear understanding of strategic goals, Excellent implementation project management, Great implementation team, Successfully coping with technical issues , Organizational commitment to change, Data accuracy, Extensive education and training, Focused performance measures, and Multi-site issues resolved.Based on [12] Dezdar and Sulaimans (2009) work the factors can be grouped into 17 categories which subsequently can be re-organized into three main categories; organizational, project and system. [53] Dezdar (2010) found organizational factors to be quite instrumental in determining the ERP implementation success. This research focus on the following aspects of the organizational factors, i. e. Top management support, Organizational size , cooperation and coordination ,ERP training and education, and role of business vision and mission . These factors are discussed in detail in the following paragraphs. . 2. 1 Top management Top management support, has been emphasized, as a crucial factor in successful ERP implementation by many ([1] Al-Mashari et al. , 2003; [39] Umble et al. , 2003; [47] Zhang et al. , 2005). [29] Ngai et al. (2008), discussed that top management support, plays a significant role in the ERP implementation success because ERP are normally done on a large-scale and require extensive resources. Top management support has two major aspects or factors in ERP implementation projects: providing the necessary resources and providing leadership.Even the survey done for this project has shown the same results that management plays a very critical role in successful ERP implementation. 2. 2. 2 Training and education As mentioned earlier ERP is a complex system thus adequate training and education must be provided so that the users to use them effectively and efficiently ([8] Correa and Cruz, 2005; [47] Zhang et al. , 2005; [3] Bradley, 2008) and with ease. Training and education would enhance the users level of knowledge, understanding and efficiency, thus increasing individual performance and subsequently organizational performance. [27] Nah et al. 2003) stated that sufficient training can increase the pr obability of success of ERP system implementation, while inappropriate or no training can hinder its success greatly. Adequate training and education may also help the organization to build positive feelings towards the system. More important it may help ERP users to adjust to the organizational change-taking place with the implementation of the system. In addition, training increases ease of use, user acceptance and reduces user resistance, which, in turn, enhances the likelihood of ERP systems use and success ([3] Bradley, 2008). 2. 2. 3 Business mission:In order to successfully run a business, an entrepreneur needs a clear vision as to where the business is going. In other words, a business needs to know what its purpose is and where it is going. A mission statement is the perfect tool to develop in order to define a new businesss purpose, activities, and values . A mission statement should act as a lighthouse. If a company loses track of itself, it will be able to look back on t heir mission statement and be reminded of their overall purpose. In general, a mission statement should inform your workers and customers what the business is all about and where it is headed.A mission statement helps p a business to create a culture that is integrated with its overall purpose For purposes of this study, two notions, i. e. organizational mission and goals from the strategic management literature, are used to describe business vision. That said, many organizations in fact adopt ERP to meet their organizational objectives (business vision) ([8], [9] Davenport, 1998, 2000; [5] Bingi et al. , 1999). Sadly, it has been observed so far that many organizations fail to articulate their IT implementation strategy vis-a-vis overall business vision ([24] Keen, 1993; [10] Deloitte Consulting, 2000 According to [9]Davenport (2000), companies with a desire to implement ERP must be clear about their strategic intent before going for such an exercise. He quotes: In the same categor y of things that need to be settled beforehand if youre going to get value from an [ERP] is the notion of strategic clarity certainty as to what business the company is in [ ] ([9] Davenport, 2000, p. 47). 2. 2. 4 Organisation Size The journal â€Å"The impact of organization size on enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations in the US manufacturing sector† clearly states that organisation’s size plays a very important role in successful ERP implementation.The greater the size more the need to use standardized ERP for proper information flow. In the research done, it has been found out the organizations having branches ;gt;10 are implementing ERP package. 2. 2. 5 Employee resistance The research document â€Å"Resistance to change and ERP implementation success: the moderating role of change management initiative†. It clearly states that employee resistance plays a very important role in success of ERP. Even the research conducted stated the same result s. 2. 2. 6 Standardization of single packageThe research document â€Å"Understanding the Impact of ERP Standardization on Business Process Performance† states that standardization on a single ERP package contribute greatly in success of ERP implementation. Even the study conducted also showed the same results. 2. 2. 7 Connectivity across different companies The research document â€Å"Issues in multinational ERP implementation† try to state that connectivity across the organization play significant role in ERP implementation. This research carried out even stated the same results. 2. 2. 8 Range of branches: ERP implementation is beneficial when the organisations have wide range of branches.Various studies has been conducted which tried to state that only companies which has wide range of branches usually go for ERP implementation as it has more benefits in terms of information flow and resource allocation. Research Objective: â€Å"Our objective is to find out that o rganisational factors play a significant role in successful ERP implementation. † The relationship between each factor and the success of the ERP implementation is analysed in this research. The research analyses the data and information taken from various companies. Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis (H0):Organisational factors does not play significant role in successful ERP implementation. Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): Organisational factors play significant role in successful ERP implementation. Methodology: The methodology which we used in finding the survey data is from Primary and Secondary source both. We first examine the existing literature on critical success factors of ERP implementation (Secondary Data) and then assess the company perception on the criticality of these factors (Primary Data). The questionnaires were distributed to selected managers and employees of companies adopting ERP systems.We also gathered some data by taking interview of the Top management of some pr estigious company. This approach helps us in finding out various factors from practical scenario which really helps in the success of the ERP implementation. Few companies from where we gather the data are:– TCS, Ford, LnT, Renault, Daimler, Microsoft, Motherson Sumi Systems, John deer, Tyco, NCR Co. India Pvt. Ltd. , Yamaha motors Pvt. Ltd. , Infosys, and some experienced and knowledgably faculties of prestigious B-Schools e. g. IMT Hyderabad. Later we find the criticality of every factor by: Factor Analysis and Regression.We took 100 samples but only 54 relevant responses were found out. Number of sample questions in each survey are 16, some questions are objective type which can be answered on the likert scale and some are descriptive type because we are interviewing or gathering the data from the top management and employees of the company about the major factors and their importance. Therefore, we presented the mixed types of questions. While doing the project we come ac ross few limitations of the research: Firstly, the ERP implementation success dimensions were measured using subjective and perceptual measures.This was due to the difficulty in securing the related factual data from the participating organizations. Secondly, there can be some biasness in giving the data, as the companies who are currently in use of ERP and spend so much will give the biased information. The questionnaire is attached in annexure with all the responses from the industry i. e. primary source. Results: Linear  Regression  Results| The  REG  Procedure Model:  Linear_Regression_Model Dependent  Variable:  Success  in  implementation(Benefi  Success  in  implementation(Benefit  perception+Increase  in  satisfaction  level)| | Number of Observations Read| 52|Number of Observations Used| 52| | Analysis of Variance| Source| DF| Sum of Squares| Mean Square| F Value| Pr  ;gt;  F| Model| 8| 44. 19446| 5. 52431| 6. 46| ;lt;. 0001| Corrected To tal| 51| 80. 98077|   |   |   | Error| 43| 36. 78631| 0. 85550|   |   | | Root MSE| 0. 92493| R-Square| 0. 5457| Dependent Mean| 5. 51923| Adj R-Sq| 0. 4612| CoeffVar| 16. 75831|   |   | | - - - Note:  Model  is  not  full  rank. Least-squares  solutions  for  the  parameters  are  not  unique.Some  statistics  will  be  misleading. A  reported  DF  of  0  or  B  means  that  the  estimate  is  biased. | - Note:  The  following  parameters  have  been  set  to  0,  since  the  variables  are  a  linear  combination  of  other  variables  as  shown. | Top Management Influence =| 4 * Intercept| | | | Parameter Estimates| Variable| Label| DF| Parameter Estimate| Standard Error| t  Value| Pr  gt;  |t|| Intercept| Intercept| B| 3. 28844| 1. 89106| 1. 74| 0. 0892| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| 1| 0. 10219| 0. 08832| 1. 16| 0. 537| Top M anagement Influence|   | 0| 0| . | . | . | Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| 1| 0. 19473| 0. 08456| 2. 30| 0. 0262| Organizational Size|   | 1| -0. 23147| 0. 19982| -1. 16| 0. 2531| Range of branches|   | 1| 0. 29018| 0. 11756| 2. 47| 0. 0176| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| 1| -0. 22751| 0. 17244| -1. 32| 0. 1940| Coperation and Cordination|   | 1| 0. 65358| 0. 24454| 2. 67| 0. 0106| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| 1| -0. 38776| 0. 23768| -1. 63| 0. 101| Training and Development|   | 1| 0. 35042| 0. 19639| 1. 78| 0. 0814| | Correlation of Estimates| Variable| Label| Intercept| Standardization of Single Packag| Connectivity across different co| Organizational Size| Range of branches| Less degree of employee resistan| Coperation and Cordination| Role of Business mission and vis| Training and Development| Intercept| Intercept| 1. 0000| -0. 2150| -0. 3886| -0. 7468| 0. 2264| -0. 4380| -0. 4969| -0. 5696| -0. 4536| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| -0. 2150| 1. 0000| 0. 2258| 0. 1309| 0. 0552| 0. 0616| -0. 1327| 0. 2571| -0. 917| Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| -0. 3886| 0. 2258| 1. 0000| 0. 2307| 0. 1232| 0. 4621| -0. 0188| -0. 0187| 0. 3353| Organizational Size|   | -0. 7468| 0. 1309| 0. 2307| 1. 0000| -0. 1477| 0. 0832| 0. 3870| 0. 1966| 0. 2829| Range of branches|   | 0. 2264| 0. 0552| 0. 1232| -0. 1477| 1. 0000| -0. 1528| -0. 1183| -0. 4683| -0. 2168| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| -0. 4380| 0. 0616| 0. 4621| 0. 0832| -0. 1528| 1. 0000| -0. 0598| 0. 3169| 0. 3236| Coperation and Cordination|   | -0. 4969| -0. 1327| -0. 0188| 0. 3870| -0. 183| -0. 0598| 1. 0000| 0. 0296| -0. 1252| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| -0. 5696| 0. 2571| -0. 0187| 0. 1966| -0. 4683| 0. 3169| 0. 0296 | 1. 0000| 0. 0922| Training and Development|   | -0. 4536| -0. 1917| 0. 3353| 0. 2829| -0. 2168| 0. 3236| -0. 1252| 0. 0922| 1. 0000| | | Factor  Analysis  Results| The  FACTOR  Procedure| | Input Data Type| Raw Data| Number of Records Read| 52| Number of Records Used| 52| N for Significance Tests| 52| | | Generated  by  the  SAS  System  (Local,  W32_VSHOME)  on  February  24,  2013  at  7:27:27  PM| | | Factor  Analysis  Results| The  FACTOR  ProcedureInitial  Factor  Method:  Principal  Components Prior  Communality  Estimates:  ONE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | | Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total = 8 Average = 0. 88888889| | Eigenvalue| Difference| Proportion| Cumulative| 1| 2. 11694553| 0. 24953625| 0. 2646| 0. 2646| 2| 1. 86740928| 0. 50755333| 0. 2334| 0. 4980| 3| 1. 35985595| 0. 49497679| 0. 1700| 0. 6680| 4| 0. 86487917| 0. 32219842| 0. 1081| 0. 7761| 5| 0. 54268075| 0. 02774770| 0. 0678| 0. 8440| 6| 0. 51493305| 0. 0 7920770| 0. 0644| 0. 9083| 7| 0. 43572535| 0. 13815443| 0. 0545| 0. 9628| 8| 0. 29757092| 0. 29757092| 0. 0372| 1. 0000| 9| 0. 00000000|   | 0. 0000| 1. 0000| 3  factors  will  be  retained  by  the  MINEIGEN  criterion| Factor  Pattern| |   | Factor1| Factor2| Factor3| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| 0. 69014| -0. 26162| -0. 23207| Top Management Influence|   | 0. 00000| 0. 00000| 0. 00000| Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| -0. 49203| 0. 54147| -0. 48463| Organizational Size|   | -0. 55073| -0. 48025| 0. 33725| Range of branches|   | 0. 20013| 0. 34213| 0. 80756| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| 0. 17237| -0. 68893| 0. 30760| Coperation and Cordination|   | 0. 7166| 0. 28393| -0. 13602| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| -0. 17059| 0. 74207| 0. 43129| Training and Development|   | 0. 73842| 0. 22839| 0 . 07819| | Variance Explained by Each Factor| Factor1| Factor2| Factor3| 2. 1169455| 1. 8674093| 1. 3598560| | Final Communality Estimates: Total = 5. 344211| Standardization of Single Packag| Top Management Influence| Connectivity across different co| Organizational Size| Range of branches| Less degree of employee resistan| Coperation and Cordination| Role of Business mission and vis| Training and Development| 0. 59859241| 0. 0000000| 0. 77015031| 0. 64768308| 0. 80925749| 0. 59896039| 0. 55025088| 0. 76578116| 0. 60353504| | | Generated  by  the  SAS  System  (Local,  W32_VSHOME)  on  February  24,  2013  at  7:27:27  PM| | | | | | | Findings: * The Regression equation is as follows: Success in Implementation = 3. 28844 + 0. 10219 * (Standardization of single package) + 0. 19473 * (Connectivity across different companies) 0. 23147 * (Organizational Size) + 0. 29018 * (Range of Branches) 0. 22751 * (less degree of employee resistance) + 0. 65358 * (Coope ration and Coordination) 0. 38776 * (Role of Business vision and Mission) 0. 35042 * (Training and Development) * R Square Value = 0. 5457 * Significance: 1. Corporation and Coordination, range of branches and connectivity across different companies has t-value ;gt; 2. 2. Standardization of single package and Training ;amp; Development have positive t-values but less than 2. 3. Organizational Size, Less Degree of Employee Resistance and Role of Business Mission and Vision have negative t-value. * In Factor Analysis, the organisational factors as 9 independent variables can be grouped into 3 factors: * Factor1 (Infrastructural and Structural factor)Standardization of single Package Organisational Size Cooperation and Coordination Training and Development * Factor2 (Organizational cultural factor) Connectivity across different companies Less degree of Employee resistance Role of Business Vision and Mission * Factor3 (Size factor) Range of Branches Discussion: Following is the interpr etation from the regression results: * The Organizational factors that have t-value greater than 2 will have significant positive impact on the successful implementation of ERP. These factors are: 1. Connectivity across different companiesFor the Organization to implement ERP successfully it should develop and maintain proper and high connectivity across different companies. 2. Range of Branches The organization which has large range of branches is more likely to be successful in ERP implementation. 3. Co-operation and Co-ordination There must be good cooperation and coordination among the employees working in the organisation as it is very crucial factor for the success of ERP * The Organizational factors that has positive t-value less than 2 will have positive impact on the successful implementation of ERP but not very significant. These factors are: . Standardization of single package All the different functional areas of company like HR, Finance, Marketing, and Sales and distrib ution should be standardize on single ERP package for successful implementation. 2. Training and Development The employees of the company should be given proper training on ERP modules for it to be successful in future. * The Organizational factors that have negative t-value will have negative impact on the successful implementation of ERP. These factors are: 1. Organisational Size If the organization size is small the ERP can be implemented quickly as compared to large. 2.Less Degree of Employee Resistance From our results, we found that the Less Degree of Employee Resistance factor will not contribute more for the successful ERP implementation. 3. Business Vision and Mission From our results, we found that the Business Vision and Mission factor will not contribute more for the successful ERP implementation. * Top Management influence is present everywhere the ERP was implemented. This shows that it is the most critical factor for the successful implementation of ERP. The R square value â€Å"0. 5457† shows that these independent variables are covering about 54% of variation in the output i. . , successful implementation of ERP. When we run the factor analysis we were able to group these 9 independent variables into three factors and these factors contributed about 66% of deviation. 1. The first factor which is the most important factor is having the independent variables as follows: * Standardization of single Package * Organisational Size * Cooperation and Coordination * Training and Development These independent variables show the common element of infrastructure and working structure of the organization. So, the first factor is named as Infrastructural and Structural factor. . The second factor which is the next crucial factor is having the independent variables as follows: * Connectivity across different companies * Less degree of Employee resistance * Role of Business Vision and Mission These independent variables show the common element of organ izational culture. So, the second factor is named as Organizational cultural factor. 3. The third factor is the next crucial factor having only one independent variable as: * Range of Branches This independent variable has the element as size of the organization. So, this factor is named as Size factor.From the correlation matrix we found high correlation among the independent variables that are in the same factor group which confirms our parity of results. Conclusion : The companies which have high connectivity across different companies, high range of branches, high cooperation and coordination among employees, and good training facilities are most likely to effect the successful ERP implementation. From our findings we found that the top management influence was an important and critical factor for success of ERP in companies. Recommendations:For the company to successfully implement ERP it should invest heavily in Training ;amp; Development facilities. It should encourage high c ooperation and coordination among employees. Because the organization cannot concentrate on 9 organizational factors and work upon that. So, we divided the 9 organizational factors into 3 factor groups and the company can choose one of the factor groups that can be Infrastructural and Structural factor. Simultaneously, it can work on the independent variables that are present in this factor to enhance the probability of success of ERP implementation.Sources : sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0378720601001343ttp://fico-forum. com/? p=147 https://dspace. lboro. ac. uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/8091 researchersworld. com/vol2/issue2/Paper_07. pdf

Leading in a changing world Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading in a changing world - Article Example A manager may adopt Laissez faire style of leading and guidance, in which the members enjoy equal privileges and decision making leverage (Bass, 2009, 145). These two terms are often used in a co relational manner, on others in a contrasting manner, and on others in a complementing manner. Management pertains to the organizing of the activities, personnel or other decisions pertinent to the scope of organization. Leadership on other hand may include these qualities but its referential context is relatively broader and it pertains to decision making, leading, guiding and administrating over the necessary functions. Managers may not be the sole decision makers, while leaders are. The role of guiding and motivation may be performed by the managers in an unannounced way, while the leaders do so in a completely declaratory manner (Tripathi, 2008, 302). Other styles that may be adopted by a manager are relatively strict and may qualify for authoritative style of leadership. There are number of considerations attached to such form of management style. The first and foremost is the potential of alienation creation between the manager and his subordinates. The second element is the potential build up of fear within the hearts of sub ordinates. The excessively authoritative style of leadership at times takes out te element of incentives from the subordinates mind and physical behavior. This enables providing the subordinates the sense of security and ownership within the organization and in turn enables achieving the desired results. It leads to working of the entire unit as a team that is directed along single line of strategy. The other advantages served in this style of management are the removal of any gulf that may arise as a result of gap between the top management and the file members of the organization. A manager may also